![]() That said, if you’re one of the people who play Far Cry for the story and Far Cry 5’s finale left you wondering where the heck things could go next, New Dawn’s vivid and violent sandbox and demented new villains are enough to keep things interesting enough. Under the fresh coat of paint was the familiar Far Cry 5 gameplay, as well as a reduced version of Far Cry 5’s map, which ultimately made it feel more like a spinoff than a sequel. Aesthetically, think of it as Mad Max meets Splatoon. The result is a vibrant, neon take on Far Cry 5’s map, complete with overgrown flora, mutated animals, and lots of scrappy new weapons and vehicles to play with. #7 - Far Cry: New Dawn - 2019 (Xbox One, PS4, PC)įar Cry: New Dawn was the first direct sequel in the Far Cry series, taking place seventeen years after - spoilers, I guess - the nuclear collapse is seen in Far Cry 5’s Hope County where nature, and roving gangs of Highwaymen, have reclaimed the land. That level of gameplay freedom was fairly uncommon in the FPS genre at the time and went on to define the core of what the Far Cry franchise has become known for since. You can go in loud with grenades and stolen trucks or stealth your way through enemy base camps, taking down waves of soldiers along the way. The first Far Cry is a fairly linear, level-based game by Far Cry standards, but it’s still got plenty of player agency. ![]() ![]() Sure, there are still plenty of dimly lit corridors and sci-fi stuff to be found here - the game centers around taking down not only soldiers, but also genetically modified mutant monsters, after all - but players will still scale mountains, fly hang gliders, and swim seas. It’s an interesting mechanic that never really made its return in later titles but it does add a level of tension and survival simulation to a game already teeming with things that want you dead.Īfter years of dimly lit corridors and labyrinthine sci-fi settings dominated the first person shooter space, the original Far Cry dared to drag the genre out into the sunshine for a wide open romp across a dangerous tropical island. On top of contending with local wildlife and enemy forces, the player also has to deal with malaria, periodically requiring the usage of medicine to treat the life-threatening parasitic disease coursing through their body. While its murky, sepia-toned visuals haven’t aged well - a common theme for many mature games of the mid-2000s era - the immense African savannah backdrop still provided players with tons to do and explore. Lots of the quality of life standards and progression features common in recent Far Cry’s hadn’t been introduced yet, but it’s hard to deny how influential Far Cry 2 ended up being to later installments. #9 - Far Cry 2 - 2008 (Xbox 360, PS3, PC)įar Cry 2 was the first in the series to attempt the nonlinear, open-world shooter approach and the result is both ambitious and undercooked as a result. Instincts is a fairly linear take on the already linear debut Far Cry game, but it’s still worth checking out to see how far the Far Cry games have come since. Issues like texture pop-in and long load times definitely showed Instincts’ age when it launched, but this redo also brought in a map editor, new feral abilities, and the addition of several multiplayer modes. Far Cry Instincts is basically a remake of the original Far Cry game with some cut corners in order to let it debut on the Xbox in 2007.
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![]() ![]() ![]() In cases where you might have several big sets of data, infographics that rely heavily on data visualization are more appropriate, while in cases with no data at all, informational infographics are ideal. Number infographics are similar to many other types of infographics, but they do have some aspects that make them unique. As we mentioned, number infographics are most at home in visual storytelling that includes only a handful of data points. What terms are important to understand when it comes to number infographics? How do I show revenue in an infographic?Īpart from using large typography to show a single year’s revenue figure, the best ways to show revenue in an infographic include a bar chart or line graph to compare revenue over time or to show projections vs. In cases where you have just one or two data points, it’s often best to use large typography to visualize data or simple visualizations like pie charts. The best option depends on the type and size of the data. ![]() There’s no one way to visualize a number in an infographic, but the most effective options include using charts or graphs, as well as using icons to illustrate a percentage. How do I visualize a number in an infographic? Number infographics are similar to other types of infographics, but they are best used when little data is available or needed to tell the story. Have questions about number infographics? We have answers: What is a visualized number infographic?Ī visualized number infographic is an infographic that uses large typography or charts to help readers visualize one or more data points. Return to Table of Contents Number infographic FAQ (Learn more about optimizing your infographics for PowerPoint.) With Venngage’s Infographic Maker, you can create multiple slides, including those that use a number infographic approach, such as the example above. When you’re making an infographic for business purposes, it’s common for your work to end up being used in a PowerPoint presentation. While you need to keep in mind any internal templates you’re dealing with, making a number infographic for PowerPoint is simple. In addition to that, you’ll also know about the trends in using visuals in content marketing and the impacts of the pandemic on visual content, from 200+ marketers all over the world interviewed by Venngage. The report uses data gathered from over 100,000 customers of HubSpot CRM. It’s time you keep yourself informed of the latest marketing statistics and trends during the past two years, and learn how COVID-19 has affected marketing efforts in different industries - with this FREE marketing statistics report put together by Venngage and HubSpot. Marketers, are you still using data from pre-COVID times?ĭon’t make decisions based on outdated data that no longer applies. START CREATING FOR FREE NEW! Introducing: Marketing Statistics Report 2022 Then, customize them using our simple Infographic Maker and bring your business data to life. Not sure how to get started? Check out some number infographic templates below for inspiration. For this reason, business data is often an ideal candidate for the number infographic treatment. Number infographics sometimes include data visualization, but more often, they use just a few key numbers or statistics to ensure that readers can’t miss the key takeaways. Complex data visualizations may get a lot of attention in the information design world, but pound-for-pound, few types of infographics have more impact than a number infographic. ![]() How to get Stellar Data Recovery Activation Key and activate the software? You should note that the free version has only the basic features, and if you need to access more advanced features, you can upgrade your free version to the Standard, Professional or Premium version as you need.Īnd to upgrade your free version, you will need the Stellar Data Recovery serial key. Moreover, you don’t need an activation key for Stellar Data Recovery Free software.Īll you need to do is visit the official website, download the Stellar Data Recovery Free Edition, and install it on your PC. If that’s not enough, let me tell you that you can even recover data free (up to 1 GB) without spending a single penny. Stellar Data Recovery has an authorized free version, and you can use it to scan your system for lost or deleted data on your Windows PC. If you are looking for a free trial of Stellar Data Recovery, be mindful and don’t fall prey to the malicious and untrustworthy cracks. The Stellar Data Recovery activation key free crack versions are not only illegal to use but can be lethal for your privacy and data integrity. To save a few bucks, many users look for a Stellar Data Recovery Crack. ![]() We all like to test a product before spending our hard-earned money on it. No one wants to pay for something they aren’t sure about. This blog guides you on how to get the Stellar Data Recovery activation key free and in a 100% secure way. The software has proved its mettle time and again and is one of the most trusted data recovery tools available across the globe. Stellar Data Recovery for Windows is a powerful software that can recover data in almost any data loss scenario. What’s special about Stellar Data Recovery for Windows?. ![]() How to get Stellar Data Recovery Activation Key and activate the software?. ![]() Set a realistic budget before you start your search, and consider the long-term value and quality of the bookcase when making your decision. Prices can vary significantly depending on factors such as material, size, and brand. Lastly, keep your budget in mind when shopping for a black bookcase. These features can be particularly useful if you want to maintain a clean and organized look or if you need to store items that you do not want to display. Some bookcases come with additional features such as doors or drawers, providing extra storage space or allowing you to hide away certain items. Additionally, think about the presence of any decorative elements like carvings or molding that will enhance the visual appeal of the bookcase.įurthermore, consider the functionality of the black bookcase. Black bookcases can come in various styles, ranging from traditional to modern, and can feature different finishes such as matte or glossy. Consider the overall aesthetic of your room and choose a bookcase that complements the existing decor. The style and design of the black bookcase are also essential factors to take into account. Additionally, pay attention to the weight capacity of the shelves, especially if you plan on placing larger or heavier books on them. ![]() These materials also offer better support for heavier items and can withstand the test of time. Look for bookcases made from high-quality materials such as solid wood or metal, as they tend to be more sturdy and long-lasting. A bookcase with adjustable shelves allows you to customize the space based on the size of your books or decorative items, giving you greater flexibility.ĭurability is another crucial aspect to consider when purchasing a black bookcase. Additionally, think about the adjustable shelving options. Consider the number of books and items you want to display, and choose a bookcase with enough storage capacity to accommodate them all. Black bookcases come in a variety of sizes and designs, offering different numbers of shelves and compartments. Next, think about the amount of storage space you require. This will help you narrow down your options and ensure that the bookcase fits perfectly in your space without overwhelming it. Measure the area where you plan to place it, taking into account the height, width, and depth. First and foremost, you need to assess the size and dimensions of the bookcase. When searching for the ideal black bookcase, there are a few key factors that you should consider to ensure you make the right choice. Whether you are a bookworm who has an extensive collection or someone looking to display your favorite pieces of decor, a black bookcase can be the perfect addition to your home. A black bookcase is an essential piece of furniture that not only helps you store and organize your books but also adds a touch of elegance and sophistication to your living space. ![]() Color Psychology in Magicįor some, the color red may be energizing, while for others, it may be restricting. In fact, our subconscious minds play a large role in the way that we independently interpret colors. Each of us has our own unique perspective and associations with colors. ![]() Just like other tools, such as herbs or crystals, using color within your spells can help enhance them, allowing them to be more powerful and fruitful. What Is Color Magick?Ĭolor magick is often associated with candle magick because one of the main focuses while working with a candle spell is using a colored candle that is in harmony with your spell’s intentions. ![]() Because of these traits, color magick is one of the most powerful forms of witchcraft. They also transmute our own energy when we direct our focus to them or when we’re in our space with them. At their core, colors hold a specific energetic frequency that allows them to transmute the energy they’re in contact with. Colors can greatly affect our spellwork.Ĭolors are powerful tools that can be used to direct a flow of energy, create change, and evoke certain intentions. While colors do play a major role on us mentally and emotionally, they also have an effect on us energetically. Red is shown to energize emotions and sometimes produce feelings of anger. For instance, yellow is an uplifting color that can help bring positivity and happiness into a space. There are many studies on color and the effects they have on our psychology. The way color is incorporated into our lives is endless. We design our spaces to follow certain color tones and wear our favorite color of clothing. Color is a large component of our existence color is everywhere and within everything. Whatever your choice, a sigil for protection is one of the most common uses and is extremely valuable and useful for anyone to learn.Look around the room you’re in and pay attention to all the different colors you see. If you are trying to bless a person, or put a protective sigil on yourself or on a baby, for example, you would just design said sigil with the intention of protection and then ask either kind permission to anoint the baby or adult with oil in the design of this sigil and they shall be protected. ![]() Some people even choose to hang the sigils on the rear view mirror just so that they can have the visual connection to it every time they get into the car. Then all you would need to do is either draw the sigil on a piece of paper and put it in the car, or consider just covering your vehicle with this sigil in your mind’s eye. The ‘P’ could be the primary starter and then you could figure out a way to attach the R to the P using the lines of the P and so on.Įventually, this art of creating your protection sigil becomes a meditation which is then charged with your desire for protection for your vehicle. So if the word is, ‘Protection,’ you might consider designing something which combines each letter into one image. Then one must break down this word or phrase into a design, or an image which your mind can latch onto. Such as: “Power, strength, longevity,” or simply, “PROTECTION.”Ī phrase that you might choose could be something like, “Protect this car and all who travel within it! So mote it be!” Whatever your word or phrase it should evoke an image in the mind’s eye which makes it possible for you to envision and really feel that this word or phrase is the best and most succinct possible to create your protection sigil. Say for example you want to protect your car, you would consider what powerful words or phrases go along with protecting your car. Meaning, what do you want to accomplish by creating the sigil? Where do you want to put it?Ĭreating a sigil for protection is very easy. When one considers creating a sigil for protection, it is very important to decide what it is that you want to get out of the sigil. They can be used to protect one from illness, or to protect against negative or evil spirits They can be used to protect the home, the hearth, a family member, a pet. Sigils are used to protect vehicles and keep the cars and the passengers safe while traveling in general or traveling through particularly challenging terrain. Sigils are used for protection for various reasons and can range significantly from simple to complicated. That will create extremely interesting and great experiences for players. In addition, the game also updates many new actions such as: Adding new monsters, new ores, and natural objects, adding living areas, unicorns, and pets, and adding upgrade steps for Traps, power towers, towers public, doors, and walls. Mine Survival Mod APK version 2022 has upgraded the experience by unlocking more new lands. Some of the character's stats are Hunger, thirst, and physical strength. Do not fall to the red level is an alarm, if red your character will die and have to start over. At this indicator, users need to make sure they are at a stable level. In the game Mine Survival Mod APK there will be a character's survival index. Craft weapons to increase damage and successfully destroy them such as cannons. With night mode you need to build traps, walls, and towers to protect your house. ![]() You need to be vigilant and fight back for life. And at night, when the curtain falls, it is also the time when monsters and undead appear. For example, during the day you need to perform tasks to get rewards. Each game mode will have different challenges. Mine Survival Mod APK has 2 impressive game modes that are day and night. Mine Survival Mod APK has a lot of interesting and interesting things waiting for you to discover. Interesting things in Mine Survival Mod APK The quests have a large frequency, and appear one after another, making players feel nervous and not bored. Each challenge will be difficult to overcome, you need to use different skills in Mountains, Forests, Dark Caves, and deserts. For example, Fishing, building houses, buying weapons, etc. Overcome those challenges to get items for yourself. Throughout the game, you will face many missions to survive. It all comes together to create an extremely interesting game. Mine Survival Mod APK has impressive graphics and lively sound. In the process you will encounter the fear of zombies, you need to defeat them and overcome all challenges. You will have to perform a variety of specific tasks that are collecting items to create different buildings and tools. This game has up to 5 million downloads and more than 2000 5* reviews, which shows the level of satisfaction this game brings. With thrilling elements combined with horror promises to bring many great experiences. Mine Survival Mod APK is a survival adventure game released by WILDSODA. Let's find out more details right after the article below. Mine Survival Mod APK for Android devices and completely free. With many unique and thrilling elements, it promises to bring the most interesting experiences. So, what are you waiting for? Dive headfirst into this epic adventure, fight for survival, and unleash your inner badass.This application is highly appreciated for its features as well as impressive gameplay. ![]() Don't just take my word for it though - Destructoid and Co-Optimus are singing its praises, and GamesRadar goes as far as to hail its crafting system! How to Survive is an absolute gem, a game that offers a truly unique experience in the world of zombies. Get ready to face the undead head-on, my friends. Whether you're going solo or teaming up with friends in thrilling co-op action, How to Survive will have you engaged, laughing, and on the edge of your seat from start to finish. So, gather your wits, sharpen your senses, and channel your inner survivalist. Talk about putting those problem-solving skills to good use! Yep, you heard that right - you'll be whip-smartly combining resources and items to create the weapons, tools, and gear you need to reign supreme in this hellish landscape. ![]() And trust me, folks, it's not going to be a walk in the park.īut fear not, because How to Survive brings something fresh to the table with its surprisingly deep crafting system. Get ready to put your survival skills to the test, as you navigate the treacherous terrain, handle the undead hordes, and maybe, just maybe, uncover the secrets that this cursed island holds. Oh no, this game has got so much more to offer! And let me tell you, it's not just your run-of-the-mill brain-bashing and gory mess we're talking about here. Picture this, my fellow survivors: you find yourself stranded on a mysterious island, a castaway in what can only be described as a freakshow world. This bad boy has been turning heads and dropping jaws left and right, leaving even the most hardcore zombie game veterans clamoring for more! Hey there, fellow gamers! Brace yourselves for an adrenaline-fueled adventure like no other with the one and only How to Survive game. ![]() Cloak of Itesh: A Long Way from Home ( The Vortex Pinnacle).Twitching Shadows: Ascendant Lord Obsidius in Blackrock Caverns.Wasteland Cloak: 65 48 12 from Supplier Xin ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes and Len at Arms ( A/ H) in Vale of Eternal Blossoms.Wasteland Manteau: 65 25 20 from Supplier Xin ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes and Len at Arms ( A/ H) in Vale of Eternal Blossoms.Wasteland Cape: 65 1 63 from Supplier Xin ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes and Len at Arms ( A/ H) in Vale of Eternal Blossoms.Wasteland Drape: 63 9 32 from Supplier Xin ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes and Len at Arms ( A/ H) in Vale of Eternal Blossoms.Wasteland Shawl: 62 85 76 from Supplier Xin ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes and Len at Arms ( A/ H) in Vale of Eternal Blossoms.Mountainscaler Cape: 59 2 62 from The Metal Paw ( A/ H) in Kun-Lai Summit and Alin the Finder ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes.Mountainscaler Manteau: 59 25 33 from The Metal Paw ( A/ H) in Kun-Lai Summit and Alin the Finder ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes.Mountainscaler Cloak: 59 47 44 from The Metal Paw ( A/ H) in Kun-Lai Summit and Alin the Finder ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes.Mountainscaler Drape: 58 79 90 from The Metal Paw ( A/ H) in Kun-Lai Summit and Alin the Finder ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes.Mountainscaler Shawl: 58 57 18 from The Metal Paw ( A/ H) in Kun-Lai Summit and Alin the Finder ( A/ H) in Townlong Steppes.Faded Forest Cloak: 56 82 37 from Rivett Clutchpop ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Singegruff ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Trader Jambeezi ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds.Faded Forest Manteau: 56 61 41 from Rivett Clutchpop ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Singegruff ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Trader Jambeezi ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds.Faded Forest Cape: 56 39 87 from Rivett Clutchpop ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Singegruff ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Trader Jambeezi ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds.Faded Forest Drape: 56 18 34 from Rivett Clutchpop ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest and 56 18 33 from Singegruff ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Trader Jambeezi ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds, Claretta ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds.Faded Forest Shawl: 55 96 80 from Rivett Clutchpop ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest and Silkweaver Rui ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest and 55 96 79 from Singegruff ( A/ H) in The Jade Forest, Trader Jambeezi ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds, Claretta ( A/ H) in Valley of the Four Winds.Initial list of items that we subsequently refined by checking on Wowhead ![]() To build this page, we have extensively used theĪnd Wowhead. With the highest item quality/item level are shown last.Ĭompletely, depending on the number of items to display. Models with the lowest item quality/item level are shown first and the models Item quality (common, rare, epic, or heirloom) and item level, so that the How are models sorted? Models are first grouped by design (all look-alike The source of each item is also displayed, so that youĬan rapidly spot the items that are most easily obtained. For each item model, hovering over its image will display a list of items To find an item with a design similar to an item set you might be trying to build. This page is updated for World of Warcraft 7.1īelow, you will find the models for all the Item models for Monks and is targeted at readers whoĭo not have Javascript enabled or who wish to only consult the list of modelsįor a specific slot. ![]() Trump’s legal woes have also taken him off of the campaign trail and into courtrooms, monopolizing resources and diverting him with legal brawls. It was his best online fundraising day of the year. 25 alone, the day his mugshot from his booking was released. A new report filed Wednesday from WinRed, the GOP's online fundraising platform, confirmed that Trump raised $4.2 million on Aug. He also has been the subject of a civil fraud lawsuit in Manhattan related to his business.īut while Trump's lawsuits have been a major financial drag, they've also been serious drivers of Trump's fundraising. The filings show the brunt of the financial weight of Trump’s legal defense across four criminal cases, including two indictments related to his efforts to overturn his 2020 presidential election loss and one over his handling of classified documents after he left the White House. Known as the Patriot Legal Defense Fund, it does not contribute toward Trump’s legal expenses. On top of the legal spending from Save America, another Trump-affiliated group, the Make America Great Again PAC (which, under federal law, Trump raises money toward, and he can say how the money is used) spent $2.4 million on additional legal consulting in the second half of 2023.Ī fund to cover the legal fees for some of Trump’s aides raised more than $1.6 million from July to December, according to its filing. Save America ended the year with just $5 million in cash banked away after having spent $35.2 million in total in the second half of 2023, almost as much as it raised. In the first six months of 2023, Save America PAC took more than $12 million from MAGA Inc. when it launched at the beginning of Trump’s presidential bid, it appears that much of that money has been returned to Save America, which has been the primary vehicle for paying Trump’s legal fees. While Save America helped provide early funding for MAGA Inc. While the Save America PAC raised $36 million over the last six months, $30 million came across six monthly payments from Make America Great Again Inc., a Trump-affiliated super PAC. Jean Carroll and has appeared at his criminal arraignments. That includes payments to firms that include lawyers like John Lauro, who is representing Trump in the case related to his effort to overturn the 2020 election Todd Blanche, who also represents Trump in the New York hush money case and Alina Habba, who represents Trump in the defamation case filed against him by author E. Take a moment to see if you can solve it using the technique above.Save America PAC, one of the groups Trump uses to raise money, spent $24.3 million on “legal consulting” in the last six months of 2023, according to federal election filings. If you wanted to get an average grade of at least 95 on the five quizzes, what score will you need on the fifth quiz? You currently have an average score of 97 on your first four quizzes. Let’s try a slightly different version using the same concepts. So, the average score rises to 86 points when we add an additional quiz with a score of 90 points. To find the average of those 5 quizzes, we can divide this sum by 5. Then add the extra 90 points to this sum to find the sum points of all 5 quizzes. To solve this question, we first need to determine how many points we collected over the first 4 quizzes. If you scored a mean of 85 points on your first 4 quizzes, what would be the average of all five quizzes if you scored 90 on the final quiz? Or, you might be asked what number needs to be added to a set in order to change the mean to a specific value. Change in mean questionsĪ common question type asks for a new mean after a new number is added to a set. For example, when we use the function notation f:R R f: R R, we mean. ![]() In the function machine metaphor, the range is the set of objects that actually come out of the machine when you feed it all the inputs. The two middlemost numbers are 2 and 3, and their mean is ( 2 + 3 ) /2, so the median is 2.5. The range of a function is the set of outputs the function achieves when it is applied to its whole set of outputs. ![]() What if we wanted to find the median of the list ? There is no singular number in the center of the list, right? In this case, you need to find the mean of the two center numbers to find the median. Sample Standard Deviation 27,130 165 (to the nearest mm. Example: if our 5 dogs are just a sample of a bigger population of dogs, we divide by 4 instead of 5 like this: Sample Variance 108,520 / 4 27,130. ![]() All other calculations stay the same, including how we calculated the mean. You would still put it in order first before finding the middlemost value. A Sample: divide by N-1 when calculating Variance. Even if the list were in a different order, the median would not change. In our case, 3 occurs in the center of the list. ![]() This must be done 24 hours before the end of the subscription period to avoid being charged. You may cancel a subscription during its free period via the subscription setting through your iTunes Account. Any unused portion of a free trial period will be forfeited when the user purchases a subscription Due to the time sensitive and promotional nature of these events, we are unable to offer price protection or retroactive discounts or refunds for previous purchases in the event of a price reduction or promotional offering. We occasionally run promotion prices as incentives or limited time opportunities for qualifying purchases made during the promotional time period. All prices are subject to change without notification. Subscriptions may be managed by the user and auto-renewal may be turned off by going to the user's Account Settings after purchase. Your account will be charged for renewal within 24-hours prior to the end of the current period and identify the cost of the renewal. Payments will be charged to iTunes Account at confirmation of purchase. Subscriptions with a free trial period will automatically renew to a paid subscription. Subscription length: Monthly (includes one week free trial). You will receive access to the apps in the TapMedia PRO bundle for the duration of the subscription. Create your own QR codes (Export as PNG or SVG) Share using email, messenger, Facebook or Twitter. NFC Scanner (Only available NFC compatible devices) Database Scanner - send barcodes to a server/API Business Card Scanner - scans business contacts PDF Scanner - turns your iPhone into a digital scanner Code Scanner - scans QR codes & barcodes Now scans QR codes, barcodes, puzzles, business cards and documents. The most simple & easy QR Reader - download now for FREE! ![]() It is of such widespread use in Nigeria that by the early 1980s, it had acquired a figurative meaning-a K-leg can now also be any sort of problem, flaw, setback, or obstacle. It is another term for the condition of knock knees, as well as a depreciative name for a person affected with this condition, whose inward-turning knees often resemble the shape of the letter K. Two decades later, Nigerian students also started to use the word as a noun meaning agricultural science as an academic subject or course.Īlso originating in the 19 th century is K-leg, first attested in 1842 in British English, but now used mostly in Nigerian English. In the early 1990s, agric began to be used in Nigeria to designate improved or genetically modified varieties of crops or breeds of livestock, especially a type of commercially reared chicken that is frequently contrasted with ‘native’ (i.e. It was originally used in American English around 1812 as a graphic abbreviation for the adjective agricultural, but is now used chiefly in this sense in West Africa. Another frequently used clipping with a longer history in English is agric. One example is the adjective guber(earliest quotation dated 1989), which is short for ‘gubernatorial’-so Nigerians, for instance, would call a person running for governor a ‘guber candidate’. It is a reference to Okada Air, an airline that operated in Nigeria from 1983 to 1997, and its reputation as a fast yet potentially dangerous form of transport, just like the motorcycle taxi.Ī few of the Nigerian words in the January 2020 update were created by shortening existing English words. ![]() Okada, on the other hand, is first attested twenty years later, and is the term for a motorcycle that passengers can use as a taxi service. Danfo, a borrowing from Yoruba whose earliest use in written English is dated 1973, denotes those yellow minibuses whizzing paying passengers through the busy streets of Lagos, the country’s largest city. The informal transport systems that emerged in Nigeria’s huge, densely populated cities have also necessitated lexical invention. The word later became a generic name for the female food vendors themselves-Nobel Prize-winning Nigerian playwright Wole Soyinka notably includes a Mama Put character in one of his works. An even more creative synonym is mama put, from 1979, which comes from the way that customers usually order food in a buka: they say ‘Mama, put…’ to the woman running the stall, and indicate the dish they want. Another term for such eating places first evidenced in 1980 is bukateria, which adds to buka the – teria ending from the word cafeteria. The word buka, borrowed from Hausa and Yoruba and first attested in 1972, refers to a roadside restaurant or street stall that sells local fare at low prices. One particularly interesting set of such loanwords and coinages has to do with Nigerian street food. ![]() The majority of these additions are either borrowings from Nigerian languages, or unique Nigerian coinages that have only begun to be used in English in the second half of the twentieth century, mostly in the 1970s and 1980s. We highlighted their contributions in the January 2020 update of the Oxford English Dictionary, as a number of Nigerian English words make it into the dictionary for the first time. By taking ownership of English and using it as their own medium of expression, Nigerians have made, and are continuing to make, a unique and distinctive contribution to English as a global language. This is how acclaimed Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie describes her relationship with English, the language which she uses in her writing, and which millions of her fellow Nigerians use in their daily communication. ![]() My English-speaking is rooted in a Nigerian experience and not in a British or American or Australian one. |
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